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Showing posts with label cars. Show all posts
Showing posts with label cars. Show all posts

Audi A8 - Reviews, Interior and Pictures a Luxury Car

     Forget the car, you are in an Audi A8, OLED touch screens with haptic feedback, massaging and ventilated seats, Bang & Olufsen audio system, advanced technologies including a laser radar system that, combined with other sensors, will allow him to drive alone under certain conditions.

Luxury-Car

Audi A8 Reviews, Interior and Pictures a Luxury Car

     The flagship of the brand with the rings, the new A8 offers a new look and above all new technologies that make it a monster on the road.



     Luxury car

     This luxury sedan impresses both its intelligence and its driving assistance technology.

     One of the most striking features is the controlled suspension that constantly compensates for road imperfections to offer maximum comfort.

     Audi offers this grand tourer in several versions, classic and limousine, but also with several engines, including hybrid engine systems (Audi A8L e-Tron) for which the manufacturer will offer wireless charging by induction.

     When you love, you don't count! It's probably on the basis of this premise that Audi has imagined its new A8.
Intelligent headlights

     HD Matrix LED projectors with laser illumination (optional) are the ultimate in lighting.

     They combine LED technology, renowned for its excellent energy efficiency and high level of illumination, with laser beams that increase the range by 100%. At night, you'll feel like you're in the middle of the day.

     What's more, thanks to a camera placed on the windscreen, the system is able to recognize the light sources coming in front of it and switch off some of the beams so as not to dazzle oncoming drivers.

     Because there are more light segments than in traditional headlamps, efficiency is improved. In addition, switching the beams on and off is managed automatically, allowing you to concentrate more on driving. A real gain in safety and comfort.

     A luminous signature of a new kind

Audi-A8-Matrix-OLED

          At the rear, the Matrix OLED (for "Organic Light Emitting Diode") lights are distinguished by their revolutionary and forward-looking design and the way they come to life.

     At night, your Audi A8 is recognizable among a thousand thanks to its multiple LEDs combined with the OLED system. The lights also illuminate in a characteristic way every time you open or close your vehicle.

     They are pleasant to look at and also enhance safety by providing increased visibility.

Learn more about support systems

Up to 41 driver assistance systems

driver-assistance-systems

     The Audi A8 has an arsenal of first-class driving aids to help you drive with complete peace of mind.

     Whether you're on the highway or in town, the many available aids help make your journey safer and more enjoyable.

     No less than 41 driving aids are always working, analyzing the route and driving situations to identify potential hazards and provide you with additional information. One more step towards independent driving.

Audi A8 a luminous and refined atmosphere

Audi-A8-ambiance

     Onboard, this ship of the road is nothing but luxury and pleasure. It has a sleek new dashboard marked by the abandonment of the current MMI system based on a rotating wheel and shortcut keys to control the traffic in the information screen.

     Instead, there are two superimposed touch screens that fit perfectly into the center console, using black panel technology.

     The top 10.1-inch touch screen houses all multimedia, navigation and application management functions. When switched off, it blends perfectly into the fascia panel.

     The lower panel controls the comfort and air conditioning functions. The driver is faced with the virtual cockpit that appeared on the TT.


panel-controls

     It's a pity: the interior of the successful Prologue concept, which took us into the future, has been postponed.

     That doesn't prevent the new Audi limousine from offering a new experience in motoring.

Ergonomic and intuitive

     Simply touch or scan the touch controls with your fingertips to control the desired function.

     The next-generation displays on the Audi A8 are more intuitive than ever. The interface is kept to a minimum for ergonomic reasons. You can also control the various functions with your voice.

     In a world exclusive, the artificial intelligence of the Audi A8 has been programmed to learn words by initiating a conversation with the vehicle's occupants rather than predefined word sequences.

Fully tactile MMI

MMI-system

     Enjoy a next-generation, state-of-the-art navigation system with MMI Navigation Plus with MMI touch response. It's easy to navigate with detailed maps, and it's ergonomic too, with just a touch of the screen to control it.

     The multimedia package would be nothing without an MMI touch response. With it, you can set up the multiple functions as you wish and save the ones you prefer. You'll be sure to have an Audi A8 that's just like you.

Drive Upgraded

     The Rear Seat Remote Control Unit is a 5.7-inch removable OLED touch screen display that allows rear-seat passengers to manage multiple features such as air conditioning, sun visors, or telephone. For first-class travel...

Exterior sports package and sports seats to make the Audi A8 even more dynamic

     Sophisticated, progressive, and sporty - the new Audi A8 defines the style of the entire brand.

     Starting at the end of January 2018, there will be an extended equipment range for customers who want to give more importance to the dynamic appearance of their luxury sedan.

     The exterior sports package and sports seats accentuate the strong presence of the A8.

     The Exterior Sport Package includes an aluminum strip under the wide single-frame vertical grille, exclusively for the Audi A8.

     This gives the brand's flagship model an even stronger visual impact. Clear contours surround the air inlets, while honeycomb grilles and a vertical spacer define their internal structure.

     The rocker panels become wider as they approach the wheels - a clear reference to the standard Audi A8's Quattro all-wheel drive.

     The redesigned rear bumper incorporates a grille and diffuser with clear contrasts. At the sides and rear, an aluminum strip echoes the design of the front splitter and serves as the lower edge of the body.

     Customers in Germany and other European markets can order the sports exterior package from the end of January 2018 at a price of EUR 1,950 for the Audi A8 50 TDI.

     Its launch also marks the introduction of the Daytona gray exterior color for the luxury sedan.

Will Audi A8 drivers on the road even wish for slowdowns and traffic jams?

Audi-A8-interior
   
     Without prejudging their aspirations, these phases where traffic moves in an accordion-like fashion will allow them to devote themselves to something other than driving.

     Without risking an accident and in complete peace of mind, they will be able to take their hands off the wheel and indulge in a sport that has become the favorite addiction of the human race, consulting the smartphone, or watching television.

     If they face the possibility of being punished by the police, they can always retort that their new road vessel, the fourth generation of Audi's luxury limousine, is equipped with the Level 3 autonomous driving system.

     In the race for technological leadership by the top tenors of the top end, the new Audi A8 is at the forefront by being the first model to be equipped with the autopilot in traffic.

     Called "Audi AI traffic jam pilot", this system, which consists of entrusting the controls to the vehicle, relies on an army of radars, a camera, ultrasonic sensors, and a laser scanner.

     This automatic pilot operates between 0 and 60 km/h, on the motorway or on expressways separated by a rail or an embankment.

     Similarly, drivers will now be able to do without the drudgery of putting their A8 in the garage or parking it on the street.

Audi A8 - AI Parking Pilot and Garage Pilot 



     With the "garage pilot" or "parking pilot" already seen on the BMW 7 Series, the anxiety of parking in a narrow space or in a garage is a thing of the past.

     The driver follows the completely autonomous parking of his Audi from a distance. This is no luxury because the fourth generation is even bigger.

     The short wheelbase version is 30 mm longer, reaching 5.17 meters. That's still 70 mm longer than the BMW 7 Series and 50 mm longer than the Mercedes S-Class.

     The majority of the Chinese who are really sensitive to rear-seat space will opt for the long-wheelbase version, which is increased by 13 cm to 5.30 meters.

     In the design of its shape and the multiplication of chrome accents, the A8 shows that it is less aimed at European customers than at American or Chinese motorists.

     The inspiration for the Prologue concept, which caused a sensation at the 2014 Los Angeles Auto Show, is still there, particularly in the coupe-like roofline and the treatment of the rear end, which is crossed by a luminous fascia and marked by lights that encroach on the flanks, but the silhouette lacks finesse and simplicity.

Driving or being driven is going to be a dilemma with the Audi A8


     The right rear seat will certainly be the place to be. Provided you opt for the long version, this king seat offers features worthy of the first-class aircraft.

     Its reclining seat doesn't just offer a nearly horizontal position for a refreshing nap.

     This configuration will be able to accommodate a system that is sure to amuse young and old alike. At the back of the front passenger seat, the A8 L is equipped with a device for massaging and warming the soles of the feet.

     In its executive version, the two rear seats are separated by a console that includes a touch-sensitive tablet.

     The console can be pulled out and controls the sunroof, electric side window blinds, HD Matrix lighting, ambient lighting, air conditioning, and hi-fi system.

     These multiple attentions would be nothing without guaranteeing the first-rate comfort. That's why Audi engineers have completely redesigned the suspension, which can now fly over all the irregularities and deformations of the road, producing the effect of a magic carpet.

     Based on an electromechanical control system that drives each wheel individually, the system is powered by the primary 48-volt electrical grid. The active suspension will only be standard on the W12 version.

     Thanks to the front camera, the A8 detects deformations in the road surface at an early stage and can thus prepare the suspension to absorb them in complete comfort.

     Developed on the MSB platform shared with the Porsche Panamera, the A8 adopts a four-wheel drive as standard. The optional four-wheel steering will provide additional dynamism and agility.

Audi mild hybrid

     The switch to the 48 V network also allows the generalization of light hybridization to the whole range.

     This system, based on starter-alternator technology, promises lower fuel consumption of up to 0.7 l/100 km thanks to its freewheel function when the engine is switched off when approaching a traffic light.

     The system can also recover up to 12 kW of energy during deceleration phases. The new generation of engines belongs to the Kovomo program of the VW Group.

     There are two turbocharged V6 engines, a 340 hp 3.0 TFSI petrol engine and a 286 hp 3.0 TDI diesel engine. Two 4-liter V8 versions complete the range: 435 hp TDI and 460 hp TFSI.

     The importance of the Chinese market has made it necessary to maintain the 6-liter W12. It will be launched in the course of 2018, as will the e-Tron plug-in hybrid version.

     The latter has a combined output of 449 hp thanks to its 340 hp TFSI V6 engine combined with a powerful electric motor.

     This is enough to cover up to 50 km without wasting a single drop of fuel. The only problem is that the A8 e-Tron will only be available in the long version. All engines are combined with 8-speed automatic transmission.

     The new A8 will be launched next November at a price close to €91,000. It will be powered by the BMW 7 Series launched in the autumn of 2015 and the segment benchmark, the Mercedes S-Class, which has just undergone a mid-career makeover.
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BMW i8 Hybrid Sports Car, Plug In Hybrid

     BMW i8 Hybrid Sports Car, Plug-In Hybrid

BMW_i8


     The future is taking shape - in the shape of the fascinating and revolutionary new BMW i8 Coupe, it is ready to reinterpret tomorrow's mobility today. 

     For unconditional driving pleasure all the way to the end of the road. At first glance, its iconic design provokes an adrenalin rush. 

     The 374 hp and 570 Nm tachometer are just as fast, thanks to the innovative Plug-in Hybrid Engine. The new BMW i8 Coupe achieves 0 to 100 km/h in 4.4 seconds. It doesn't take it much longer to enter a new era.

BMW i8 hybrid a Vision Of  The Future


     The BMW i8 roadster asserts its futuristic vocation down to the smallest detail. Its innovative lines are the expression of a, particularly dynamic plastic language. 

     The athletic front end proudly displays the unique character of the BMW double grille with full LED headlamps and incorporates the newly developed "Air Curtains" air curtain technology. 

     Originating on the bonnet, the distinctive V-shaped Black Belt extends across the entire body to underline the vehicle's tapered silhouette. 

     The impressive Streamflow design optimizes the airflow, resulting in unparalleled aerodynamics. The BMW i8 roadster thus represents the perfect symbiosis of form and function, which knows only one direction: straight ahead.


     "The BMW i8 Coupé is already the world's best-selling hybrid sports car - and I'm convinced that we'll be successful with this car. »



KLAUS FRÖHLICH, MEMBER OF THE MANAGEMENT BOARD OF BMW AG.

BMW i8 TOMORROW'S CONNECTED INTERIOR

BMW-i8-Interior

     Inside, too, the BMW i8 asserts its uniqueness. Right from the moment you step inside, the exclusive Accaro Amido/E-Copper interior spirit leaves no doubt about that. 

     The interior design follows the dynamic lines of the bodywork to create a futuristic, dynamic ambiance throughout the driving position. 

     The center console is oriented towards the driver and the controls are ergonomically arranged - for a perfect view. 

     The new power-adjustable sports seats provide optimum lateral support and top-class comfort. In the dark, the interior lighting with LED technology creates a premium ambiance. 

     The contours of the doors, dashboard, center console and steering wheel can be highlighted with a play of colors in EfficientDynamics Blue, Orange and White.

BMW i8 coupe reinvents dynamists 

     With the BMW i8: even the wind is blowing. This is due not only to its athletic silhouette but also and above all to its aerodynamic body, its ultra-light structure and the futuristic design of the LED taillights through which the wind is blowing.

     Take the lead while leaving a minimum behind. Thanks to the BMW i8 Coupe's intelligent energy management, it coordinates the interaction of the electric motor and battery with the combustion engine - always aiming for maximum power and minimum consumption. 

     The result is a powerful and highly efficient Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid system, as the combined cycle consumption figures of just 1.9 l/100 km and CO2 emissions reduced to a maximum of 42 g/km are impressive proof of.

A NEW FORM OF LIGHTNESS

aluminium-chassis

     Take the lead, lightness with the new BMW i8. 

     One of the principles behind its unique lightweight architecture concept: the LifeDrive architecture. It is based on the Drive module - an aluminum chassis - and the Life module - an ultra-lightweight occupant cell made of high-strength carbon. 

     Both components have been optimized in terms of weight down to the last gram to allow the introduction of a sports vehicle that is designed to meet the requirements of sustainable development.

FREEDOM OF ACCESS TO EVERYTHING

BMW_i_Wallbox

     Refueling or refueling - the new BMW i8 offers both at the same time. Thanks to the comprehensive 360° ELECTRIC product and service package. 

     At home, you can conveniently charge your BMW i8 at your leisure in the BMW i Wallbox or with the charging cable - and, if you wish, with sustainably produced electric power from BMW Green Energy powered by NATURSTROM

     The service includes personal advice as well as professional installation and commissioning of the BMW i Wallbox by a qualified electrician. 

     Along the way, you will find an increasing number of public charging points in which you can easily access the ChargeNow card. 

     You can find the location of the nearest charging point via the ChargeNow App, or optionally directly in your BMW i8 Coupe: for example via the fully connected BMW ConnectedDrive navigation services.

BMW i8 Connected App for iOS and android

     BMW ConnectedDrive offers innovative solutions for the advanced interconnection of the new BMW i8 - for a sustainable and intelligent form of mobility without limits. 

    BMW ConnectedDrive navigation services, for example, will get you to your destination by always choosing the most efficient route. 

     The Remote Services in the BMW Connected App for iOS and Android give you permanent access to a wealth of relevant information about your BMW i8 Coupé at the touch of a button. 

     And thanks to BMW Teleservices, your BMW i Partner is always informed about the maintenance requirements of your BMW i8.

MOVING FORWARD SAFELY

BMW_i8_Roadster

     No matter what happens: the BMW i8 Roadster is ready to deal with them thanks to a comprehensive range of assistance systems. 

     On wet surfaces, for example, the "dry brakes" function cleans the brake discs at regular intervals to minimize moisture. This is done without any noticeable braking of the vehicle. 

     In the event of bad weather, starting is made easier by Dynamic Traction Control (DTC), which limits wheel slip and ensures maximum traction. 

     While driving, this function is supported by BMW xDrive intelligent 4-wheel drive technology, which ensures a superior grip in any situation. 

     The system is activated in hybrid mode and distributes the driving forces generated by the two sources to all four wheels in a variable ratio depending on the situation.

BMW_i8_interior

Fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions of the BMW i8 coupe 

BMW i8 Coupe :

Fuel consumption in l/100 km (combined cycle): 1.9
Power consumption in kWh/100 km (combined cycle): 14.0
CO2 emissions in g/km (combined cycle): 42

     The data on fuel and electricity consumption and CO2 emissions have been determined in accordance with the measurement method prescribed by regulation VO (EU) 2007/715 in its current version.

     The specified values apply to a vehicle with basic equipment in Germany, the deviations take into account differences in the dimensions of the selected rims and tyres and the selected optional equipment, they may vary during the configuration.

     The data of the vehicles identified by are already determined using the new WLTP test cycle, weighted to be comparable to the NEDC cycle. [For these vehicles, the calculation of taxes and other charges related to the vehicle and also based on CO2 emissions may take as reference values other than those mentioned here].

     The CO2 efficiency data are derived from Directive 1999/94/EC and the Passenger Car Regulation in their current version and are based on the fuel consumption and CO2 emission values of the NEDC cycle for the classification.
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Citroën Ami 2020: The Electric Car Without A Licence For 20 € / Month

Citroën Ami 2020: The Electric Car Without A Licence For 20 € / Month

Citroën_Ami

     The Citroën Ami breaks all the rules, this small electric car can be driven without a license and remains accessible at a low price.

     "Ami is a non-conformist object," Citroën rightly boasts in its press release about its new electric car

     The Citroën Ami is unlike any other, both in its possibilities and in its economic model, which will make it accessible to the greatest number of people.



     The Wheel Network Youtube

     The Citroen Ami 2020, a small two-seater electric car has an ultra-compact size of just 2.41 meters (even smaller than the 2.69 meters of a Smart car), making it ideal for parking in town and offering a very large turning radius for easy maneuvering. 

     What's more, it can be driven without a license, making it accessible to anyone from the age of 14, provided they have an AM license, just like a scooter, but more comfortable and safer.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DRIVING WITHOUT A LICENCE

citroen_ami_interior

     The Citroën Ami is a car without a driving license and does not exceed 45 km/h, but its 100% electric engine offers immediately available torque, a smooth ride and the silence of an electric car. 

     Its 5.5 kWh battery has a range of 70 kilometers and can be recharged in just 3 hours from a 220 V household socket, "like a smartphone".


     With Citroën Ami, the PSA Group is clearly targeting schoolchildren, high school students and other urban and suburban people with only short daily commutes who might be attracted to a two-wheeler. 

     Here, the advantage remains the passenger compartment, which is obviously more comfortable and more complete.

In addition, the My Citroën application keeps an eye on the car's essential data, such as its state of charge, mileage and the date of its next service.

AN INTELLIGENT ECONOMIC MODEL

     Who says student also often says little resources. This is why Citroën has decided to offer an economic model that can be adapted to all needs, divided into three formulas: car sharing, rental or purchase.


     The Citroën Ami is offered at 6900 euros, which is a very competitive price, even if it is still much higher than the price of a two-wheeler.

     Finally, note that the Citroën Ami will be available for pre-order from 30 March 2020 and will go on sale in June.
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Audi e Tron Sportback: An Electric SUV With A Charming Design

Audi e Tron Sportback: An Electric SUV With A Charming Design

Audi-e-Tron-Sportback

      Audi revealed, as expected, its e Tron electric SUV Sportback. A four-door coupe with a charming look marked by an octagonal grille with horizontal slats, a muscular body and a roofline that drops "abruptly to the rear" of the vehicle. 

     In short, this zero-emission vehicle has a lot to offer from a purely aesthetic standpoint.

     This SUV has a 60-liter front trunk and a total luggage capacity of 615 liters. The vehicle also features 20-inch wheels, sport-tuned air suspension, and optional virtual outside mirrors.

EMPHASIS ON AERODYNAMICS

Audi-e-Tron-aerodynamics

     The firm from across the Rhine insists on the presence of Matrix LED digital headlights, a high-end technology present from the first level of finish. 

     The press release published by the German group states: Their light is broken down into tiny pixels and illuminates the road in high resolution. 

     The German group also praises the aerodynamics of its product, which has a direct impact on range.

"Approximately 10 kilometers of this increased range compared to the e-Tron can be attributed to the vehicle body, the more favorable aerodynamics," says Audi


     The range, in fact, is 446 kilometers according to the WLTP approval cycle, thanks to a battery with 95 kWh of gross energy (86.5 kWh of net energy).

     On the power side, the double asynchronous electric motor has a total power of 265 kW (360 hp) and a torque of 561 Nm. 

     The result: the e-Tron Sportback is capable of reaching top speeds of 200 km/h and accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in just 6.6 seconds, or 5.7 thanks to a "boost" mode that is active for just eight seconds. 

     All these figures are to the credit of the most powerful of the versions, the 55 Quattro.

     The second version, soberly called 50 Quattro, has a power output of 230 kW (313 hp) and a torque of 540 Nm. 

     Maximum speed: 190 km/h. Acceleration time: 6.8 seconds. Its battery provides 71 kWh of gross energy (64.7 kWh of net energy), giving it a shorter range of 347 kilometers. 

This is a relatively short range for a station wagon that is normally designed to cover medium and long distances.

TRIPLE SCREEN

Audi-e-Tron-interior

     At the dawn of the 2020 vintage, Audi logically plays the card of modernity and connectivity. 


     Its teams have thus implemented the "MMI touch response" operating system within its double screen located between the driver and the front passenger. "When the finger actuates a function, a haptic and acoustic confirmation is triggered," he explains.

     The passenger compartment is equipped with a 12.1-inch touch screen at the top to "control infotainment, telephony, navigation, and dedicated e-Tron settings", while the lower 8.6-inch screen "allows text entry and management of comfort functions and temperature control". 


     A third 12.3-inch screen (1920 x 720-pixel resolution) as a digital instrument panel invites itself in front of the driver.

     To top it all off, Alexa Voice Assistant will give users the opportunity to manage certain features with their voice alone. "The service provides access to more than 80,000 Alexa commands," Audi said. 

     The service provides access to more than 80,000 Alexa commands," said Audi. "And a final touch of connectivity is provided by the Audi connect digital key, supported by the myAudi mobile application.

CHEAPER COMPETITION

     In addition to its compatibility with the e-Tron Charging Service, which provides "access to almost 120,000 public charging points in 21 European countries", this zero-emission SUV can be charged on direct current up to 150 kW (120 kW for the 50 Quattro version). 

     This means that 80% of energy can be recovered within 30 minutes. Alternatively, the 11 kW alternating current public stations can be used.

     Finally, the final offer consists of thirteen body tents, a limited edition "edition one" (plasma blue color) and a basic version available for pre-order at the end of November 2019, before deliveries start in spring 2020. 


The press release indicates German prices: 71,350 euros. This is an onerous cost compared to its future competitors: the Tesla Model Y and the Ford Mustang Mach E, for example, will cost 58,000 and 48,990 euros, respectively.
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Autonomous vehicle: what are the differences between the levels of autonomy?

Autonomous vehicle: what are the differences between the levels of autonomy?

Autonomous-vehicle

     Driving assistance, autonomous piloting systems, 100% autonomous cars... What is behind these terms and what are the different levels of autonomy?

     Would you be willing to let your car handle everything for you?

     Today, virtually all mobility stakeholders, and many more, have focused on autonomous vehicles.

     Tesla, the PSA group, Renault, Google Waymo, Mercedes, Uber, Volvo... all are working on car autonomy, even if some car manufacturers have had to revise their roadmaps recently and redirect research and investment funds in this area to other sectors, such as energy transition.

     Legislation has never really been very clear on autonomous vehicles. There was often confusion between autopilot and autonomous piloting. 


    Autopilot is still a very advanced driver assistance system, but it cannot do without a human driver. The opposite is true of autonomous driving, which must be able to do without a human presence.

Defining what human drivers and autonomous systems can and cannot do

     In 2014, SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) International, a professional organization of scientists and engineers, proposed a grid for understanding and classifying autonomous vehicles.

     This grid is the basis for the classification into categories, defining what human drivers and autonomous systems can and cannot do.

     It also serves as a reference for manufacturers and governments who regularly address the various issues related to the mobilities of the future, mobilities that are sometimes directly related to autonomous systems.


     The International Organisation of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA) has also defined a European scale with six levels of vehicle autonomy, a system similar to the one designed by the SAE.

LEVEL 0: NO AUTONOMY OR ASSISTANCE

     As the name implies, it is the zero level of autonomy and assistance. 


     Understand that the entire driving part is done by the driver, without any help from the car. Here, there is no cruise control, no automatic emergency braking or even lane-keeping assistance.

     The small light indicating an engine defect or a fault in your engine oil level cannot be considered as assistance but as a warning of danger.

LEVEL 1: AUTOMATION OF CERTAIN FUNCTIONS

     This is generally what we find on the majority of our cars today. 

The driver is obviously present 100% of the time and the car is not supposed to make any decisions "alone". Among these aids, we can mention cruise control or automatic emergency braking.

     We can also take as an example assistances that seem "normal" today, such as the anti-lock braking system (ABS) or the programmed electro-stabilizer (ESP), two assistances that are now mandatory for all new cars.

LEVEL 2: AUTOMATION OF COMBINED FUNCTIONS

Mercedes-EQC

     This is the level that tends to be democratized on all our modern cars. 

     Even if the legislator does not allow it, which is why cars regularly tell you to put your hands on the steering wheel when you don't, you can theoretically let go of the controls for a few seconds and let the car do its work. 


     Of course, the driver must keep an eye on his environment so that he can quickly regain control if a problem occurs.

     Level 2 allows the car to manage acceleration and braking, for example with adaptive cruise control. 

     This is combined with lane-keeping and tracking, as is the case with a Mercedes-Benz EQC or an Audi e-Tron, for example. 


     The car knows how to move on its own, but is not aware of the entire environment around it. Other functions include the famous "Park Assist", which is now present in many vehicles and allows the car to park by itself.

LEVEL 3: LIMITED AUTONOMOUS DRIVING

     That's where we can really start talking about an autonomous vehicle. 

     Cars are able to read and analyze their environment, allowing them to take actions according to their evolution. 


     Level 3 indicates that the driver must be able to regain control of the vehicle at any time, but that the car is perfectly autonomous under certain conditions, on motorways for example.

     Today, some production cars oscillate between levels 2 and 3. This is notably the case of Tesla, which, just a few years ago, offered a very convincing automatic driving system, but today unfortunately constrained by the legislator's standards that force the brand to revise its copy. 

     Nevertheless, at Tesla, the car uses cameras and radars to understand its environment and apprehend the dangers. 

     It can accelerate if you activate your blinker to overtake, decelerate to maintain safe distances while keeping an eye on other road users.

     At the moment, due to legislation, Tesla's are still below level 2 range, but they do check a few boxes on level 3. The Californian company claims to be ready when level 3 of autonomy is legalized and democratized.


LEVEL 4: ALMOST COMPLETE AUTONOMY

     The vehicle performs the entire driving task completely autonomously, i.e. without even the necessary presence of a driver on board. 

     The system is responsible for all the actions that it will perform, in particular concerning maneuvers or its decisions according to the evolution of the environment.

     On motorways, the vehicle must be able, for example, to exit the motorway and stop alone at a rest area. We can also take the example of the "City Park Full Automatic" feature, which allows the vehicle to park in a line or in a battle without a driver.

LEVEL 5: FULL AUTONOMY

Tesla

     The vehicle combines absolutely all driving tasks and is not subject to any human intervention. Whether it is on the motorway or in the city center, it is capable of driving in total autonomy. 

     All the big companies are working on this, like Google for example and its famous Google Car, or Uber. There is not even a steering wheel anymore, it is the car that makes all the right decisions without human intervention. 


     If it wants to, it can even ignore a human order if artificial intelligence thinks it is dangerous.

WHEN WILL 100% AUTONOMOUS CARS ARRIVE?

Waymo

     Certainly not for tomorrow, as we read all over the place a few years ago. 

     While manufacturers are generally well advanced in this respect, it is the legislator who will have the last word. There are still a lot of parameters to be taken into account, and the range of a vehicle depends not only on the vehicle itself but also on the surrounding environment. 

     For example, cities will also have to be connected in order to smooth traffic flow or to send information to autonomous vehicles.

     We have also recently noted a slight decline in interest from car manufacturers in vehicle autonomy, especially since some short-term issues are more important, such as those related to the energy transition. 

     The budget dedicated to research and development of autonomous cars has had to be cut in some cases and transferred to other sectors, such as electric powertrains or batteries.

     Some manufacturers are also delegating these activities to companies specializing in new technologies.


     This is the case of the Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance, which has joined forces with Waymo, a company owned by Google, to assess market opportunities and to work together to provide a commercial, legal and regulatory framework for autonomous automobiles in France and Japan.
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